CYTOKINE PROFILE OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND ITS FEATURES IN DIFFERENT FORMS OF ACUTE TOXIC-ALLERGIC REACTIONS

Abstract

Aim. To evaluate the peculiarities of cytokine profile of patients with various forms of acute toxic-allergic reactions (ATAR) and their relationship with the severity and degree of skin and mucous membrane lesions.

Material and Methods. 51 patients with various forms of ATAR were examined. Patients were divided into three groups depending on the pathologic process severity: group 1 included 20 patients with an uncomplicated variant of ATAR - multiforme exudative erythema, group 2 - 16 patients with ATAR of the 3rd degree (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) and group 3 - 15 patients with an extremely severe variant of ATAR - Lyell's syndrome. Cytokine levels were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with reagents from Vector-Best Company (Novosibirsk). 18 healthy donors were examined as controls.

Results. The study of cytokine profile of patients with ATAR revealed significant changes characterized by high concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α), whose levels in serum elevated according to the severity of the inflammatory process. The quantities of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were reduced in patients of all clinical groups, but greater decreases in ATAR of 3 and 4 degrees. Furthermore, changes in cytokines were found to correlate with the severity of clinical manifestations of ATAR - intensity of intoxication syndrome, cutaneous syndrome and mucosal lesions.

Conclusion. Changes in the cytokine profile in patients with acute inflammatory skin diseases indicate the involvement of the immune system in the skin repair and regeneration processes, which can be used to optimize the ATAR treatment methods.